Background/Aims
Favourable functional recovery after acute ischaemic stroke (AIS) does not translate into preserved health-related quality of life (HRQoL). We aimed to evaluate the prevalence and determinants of HRQoL impairment in this population..
Methods
In this secondary analysis of the Optimal Post rTpa-Iv Monitoring in Ischaemic Stroke Trial (OPTIMISTmain), an international, stepped-wedge, cluster-randomised trial comparing a low-intensity to a standard monitoring protocol, we analysed thrombolysed, mild-to-moderate AIS patients achieving a 90-day modified Rankin Scale (mRS) score of 0-1. The primary outcome, HRQoL impairment, was defined as an EQ-5D visual analogue scale (VAS) <70 or utility score <0.739 (the 25th percentile of the entire trial population). Secondary outcomes included continuous VAS, utility score, and individual EQ-5D domains (any problems vs. no problems). Multivariable logistic regression models were applied to identify determinants.
Results
Among 2,774 AIS patients achieving mRS 0-1, 267 (9.63%) experienced HRQoL impairment (median age 67 years; 41.6% female). White ethnicity (vs. Asian; odds ratio [OR]: 5.13, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.69-9.79), higher admission National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (OR: 1.11, 95% CI: 1.05-1.18), and sleep impairment during hospitalisation (OR: 1.96, 95% CI: 1.34-2.88) were independently associated with HRQoL impairment. Consistent determinants were observed across VAS, utility score, and multiple HRQoL domains. Specifically, female sex (OR: 1.50, 95% CI: 1.05-2.13) and SAEs (OR: 2.27, 95% CI: 1.20-4.30) were associated with anxiety/depression.
Conclusion
Despite favourable functional recovery, HRQoL impairment still persists among AIS patients. Targeting modifiable factors, particularly sleep impairment and complications, may support individualised management and improve patient-perceived outcomes.